Distributed Generation Bibliography

Interconnection Requirements

Allan, R.; Jenkins, N.; Castro, F.; Saad-Saoud, Z.; Roman, J.; Rodrigues, M.A.; Gardner, P.; Birks, M.; Coneybeare, J.; Ferguson, A. "Large Wind Turbines and Weak Rural electricity Systems."

Barthelmie, R.J.; Palutikof, J.P.; Davies, T.D. "Prediction of Offshore Wind Speeds - A Comparison of Methods."

Bass, J.H. "Estimating the True Value of a Wind Farm."

Beurskens, J. "The Netherlands Wind Energy Developments in a European Perspective."

Bleijs, J.A.M.; Chung, A.W.K. "Power Smoothing and Performance Improvement of Wind Turbine With Variable Speed Operation."

Bossanyi, E.A.; Strowbridge, A.G. "Assessing Windfarm Operation and Maintenance Requirements."

Clarke, A.D. "A Case of Shadow Flicker/Flashing: Assessment and Solution."

Craig, L.M.; Jenkins, N. "Impact of a Medium Sized Wind Turbine on a Weak Rural Network."

Curtice, D.; Patton, J.; (March 1981). Operations of Small Wind Turbines on a Distribution System, Executive Summary. Work prepared by Systems Control, Inc., Palo Alto, California.

Dangrieß, G.; Heier, S.; König, V.; Kuntzsch, J.; Müller, J. ( ). "Konzeptionen Zur Ausnutzung der Netzkapazität."

Davidson, M. "Wind Farm Power Quality and Network Interaction."

Delgado, Jansenio; Jens Carsten Hansen; John Tande; Per Norgaard. "Running-in and economic re-assessment of 15% wind energy penetration in Cape Verde." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 77-84.

DEWI. "Technical guidelines for the measurement of power quality of wind turbines."

Durstewitz, M.; Enßlin, C.; Heier, S.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M. (1992). "Wind Farms in the German ‘250 MW Wind’-Programme." Prepared for proceedings of the EWEA Special Topic Conference, 1992. Herning, Institut for Solare Energieversorgungstechnik e.V.(ISET).

Durstewitz, M.; Enßlin, C.; Hahn, B.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M. (1994). "Large Scale Experience with Wind Energy." Prepared for Taiwanese-German Workshop, 1994. Taipeh, Taiwan, ISET.

Durstewitz, M.; Enßlin, C.; Hahn, B.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M.; Rohrig, K. (1994). "Selected Field Experience from the German ‘250 MW Wind-Programme.’" Prepared for Wind Conditions for Wind Turbine Design - 1st Symposium, June 1994. Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg, ISET.

Durstewitz, M.; Enßlin, C.; Hahn, B.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M.; Keinkauf, W. (1994). "Technical and Economical Aspects of Wind Energy Application in Germany-Results from the German ‘250 MW Wind-Programme.’" Prepared for Deutsch-Russische Konferenz, 1994. Freiburg, ISET.

Durstewitz, M.; Enßlin, C.; Hahn, B.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M.; Keinkauf, W. (1994). "Wind Energy Development in Germany - Results from the 250 MW Programme." Prepared for the EWEC ‘94 Tagungsband, 5^th European Wind Energy Association Conference and Exhibition, October 1994. Thessaloniki-Macedonia, Greece, ISET.

Durstewitz, M. (1996). "Evaluation of Icing Failures in Germany’s ‘250 MW Wind’ Programme." Prepared for BOREAS III International Expert Meeting, March 1995. Saariselkä, Finland, ISET.

Durstewitz, M.; Enßlin, C.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M.; Rohrig, K. (1996). "External Conditions for Wind Turbine Operation - Results from the German ‘250 MW Wind" - Programme." Prepared for European Union Wind Energy Conference ‘96, May 1996, ISET.

Enßlin, C.; Füller, G.; Hoppe-Klipper, M.; Meyer, C.; Schott, T. (1991). "Scientific Measurement and Evaluation Programme (WMEP) in the German ‘250 Programme.’" Prepared for European Wind Energy Conference EWEC ‘91. Amsterdam, ISET.

Enßlin, C.; Füller, G.; Hahn, B.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M.; Rohrig, K. (1993). "Scientific Measurement and Evaluation Programme (WMEP) in the German ‘250 Programme.’" Prepared for proceedings of the International Conference, March 1993. Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany, ISET.

Ellison, C.; Brown, A.; Rader, N. (April 1998). Wind Energy System Operation and Transmission Issues Related to Restructuring.

EPRI. Distributed Utility Valuation Project, Final Report, July 1993. EPRI Report TR-102807 PG&E Report 005-93.12. Work performed by Roger L. Pupp Quantitative Solutions, San Francisco, CA.

Fritz, S. (1998). "List of Power Quality Measurements", DEWI.

Fritz, S. (February 1998). "Power Quality Measurement and Wind Turbine Operating Improvement at the CEMIG Morro do Camelinho Wind Farm in Brazil." DEWI Magazin (Nr. 12); pp 1-4, DEWI.

Gardner, P. "Network Connection of Large Wind Turbines."

Gardner, P. "Technical and Commercial Aspects of the Connection of Wind Turbines to Electricity Supply Netwprks in Europe". 1996 AWEA Proceedings, pp. 225-233.

Gardner, P.; Morgan, C.A.; Noakes, J.; Ffrench, R.G. "Feasibility Study for an Offshore Wind Turbine."

Georgakopoulos, T.P.; Kambezidis, H.D. "Wind Velocity Profile Simulation in the Wake of a Wind Turbine."

Gerdes, G.; Santjer, F. "Power Quality of Wind Turbines and Their Interaction With the Grid." Prepared for AWEA Windpower '95 Conference.

Gerdes, G.; Santjer, F.; Klosse, R. (1997). "Overview and Development of Procedures on Power Quality Measurements of Wind Turbines." Prepared for EWEC ‘97, October 1997.

Gerdes, G.; Santjer, F.; Berding J., Klosse R. (1996). "Reduction of Grid Interferences in Wind Farms." Prepared for EUWEC ‘96, May 1996.

Harris, A. "A Sensitivity Analysis of Windfarm Energy Production."

Hariharan, S.A., S. S. Devgan, Tom Field. Impact of Wind Electric Power Conersion Systems on the Electric Distribution System.

Hassan, U.; Glendinning, A.G.; Morgan, C.A. "A Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Wake Structure and Machine Loads Within Small Wind Turbine Farms."

Heier, S. (March 1997). "Anschluß von Windkraftanlagen an das öffentliche Netz." Sonnenenergie & Wärmetechnik; pp 44-51.

Heier, S. (April 1997). "Technique and Trends in Wind Energy Use." Prepared for the 20^th International Conference, CIGR, Section IV, April 1997. Universitaet Gh Kassel, Germany: Institut fuer Elektrische Energietechnik.

Heier, S. (April 1997). "Grid Influences by Wind Energy Converters and Reduction Measures." Prepared for the 20^th International Conference, CIGR, Section IV, April 1997. Universitaet Gh Kassel, Germany: Institut fuer Elektrische Energietechnik.

Heier, S.; Kleinkauf, W. "Grid Connection of Wind Energy Converters", ISET.

Heier, S.; Kleinkauf, W.; Raptis, F. "Rural Electrification with Hybrid Plants", ISET.

Heier, S.; Hoppe-Kilpper, M.; Kleinkauf, W. (1995). "Research and Development Themes for Wind Energy Use - Control and Electrical Grid Connection." Prepared for Tagungsband 27^th Meeting of Experts: Current R&D Needs in Wind Energy Technology, 1995, ISET.

Heier, S. (1997). "Rural Electrification and Rational Use of Energy in Agriculture." Prepared for the 20^th International Conference, CIGR, Section IV, April 1997. Agadir, Marocco, ISET.

Heier, S. (1994). "Grid Influences by Wind Energy Converters and Reduction Measures." AWEA Proceedings; pp 493-501.

Hoppe-Kilpper, M.; (1993). "Wind Energy Development in Germany in 1993." Prepared for EUROWIN-Annual Reports 1992-1993, ISET

Hunter, A.G.M.; Graham, R.; Morgan, O.W. "A Study of the Financial Viability of Grid-Connected Wind Turbines for Farmers."

ISET. (1993). "Wissenschaftliches Meß- und Evaluierungsprogramm (WMEP) zum Breitentest ‘250 MW-Wind.’"

Jenkins, N. "Some aspects of the Electrical Integration of Wind Turbines."

Jones, R; Gilmore, I. "Benefits of Sinusoidal Rectifiers on Variable Speen Wind Turbines - High Quality Mains Power From Variable Speed Wind Turbines."

Legerton, M.L. "The Recommendations of the Noise Workgroup."

McGowin, C.; DeMeo, E.; Calvert, S.; Goldman, P.; Smith, B.; Hock, S.; Thresher, B. (1997). "DOE-EPRI Distributed Wind Turbine Verification Program (TVP III)." Prepared for Windpower ‘97, June 1997. Austin, Texas.

Measnet Measurement Procedure, Power Quality of Wind Turbines. (1996).

Milborrow, D. "Capacity Credits - Clarifying the Issues."

Milborrow, D.; Freathy, P.; Wootton, R. "Geographically Distributed Wind Farms - Technical Issues."

National Wind Coordinating Committee Siting Workgroup. (March 1998). Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities.

NREL. Distributed Utility Technology Cost, Performance, and Environmental Characteristics. June 1995, BREL/TP-463-7844. Authors: Wan, Yih-huei; Adelman Steve.

Palmer, C. "Small Is Acceptable?"

Papantoniou, A.; Coonick, A.; Freris, L. "Islanding Problems of Grid-Connected Wind Turbines and the Use of Resistive Brakes for Their Improvement."

Räkköläinen, J.; Vilkko, M.; Lautala, P. "Simulation of a Radial MV/LV Electricity Grid Voltage associated with Wind Power Induction Generator."

Rehfeldt, K.; Schwenk, B.; Molly, J. (1997). "Sensitivity Study of Different Parameters Concerning the Energy Generating Costs of Wind Turbines."

Rohrig, K. (1998). "Renewable Energy Information System on Internet - REISI." Prepared for 13.Symposium - Photovoltaische Solarenergie, March 1998. Staffelstein, ISET.

Saad-Saoud, Z.; Jenkins, N.; Gardner, P.; Bossanyi, E.A. "Network Models for Prediction of Flicker From Wind Turbines."

Santjer, F.; Gerdes, G.; Klosse, R. (1997). "Power Quality Measurements at Wind Turbines." Prepared for Power Quality, June 1997. Nürnberg, Germany, , DEWI.

Shaheen, M.; Robert J. Putnam Jr.; (October 1997). Wind Energy Transmission, National Wind Coordinating Committee Wind Energy Issue Brief (No. 9a).

Shaheen, M.; Robert J. Putnam Jr.; (October 1997). Integration of Wind Resources Into Utility Systems, National Wind Coordinating Committee Wind Energy Issue Brief (No. 9b).

Siden, Goran. "Costs of the grid connection of wind turbines." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 77-84.

Simpson, P.B.; Hancock, M.; Kuhn, U.B.M. "A Re-Appraisal of the Cost of UK Offshore Wind Energy."

Siting Processes for Wind Energy Project in Germany.

Smith, D. "Multiple Wake Measurements and Analysis."

Tande, J.O.; Fransden, S. "Estimation of Cost and Value of Energy From Wind Turbines."

Tande, John and Per Norgaard. "On Minimizing the Cost of Wind Turbine Grid Connection." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 107-111.

Taylor, G.J.; Smith D. "Wake Measurements Over Complex Terrain."

Tribe, S.; Forrest, R.; Spash, C. "The Cost of Visual Impact - Implications for the Siting of Wind Turbines."

Tudway, R. "Geographically Distributed Wind Farms - Their Future Development."

Strbac, G.; Jenkins, N.; Allan, R. "Value of Wind Generated Electricity."

Van Dongen, W. "Wind Turbine Development and Design - To Future Generations."

Van Wijk, A.J.M.; Turkenburg, W.C. "The Value of Wind Energy."

Watson, G. "Synchronous Sine Wave Inverters - The Implications for SWECS."

Wollmerath, H. "National Wind Energy Programmes; Federal Republic of Germany."

Zhong, S.; Infield, D.G. "Prediction of Wind Turbine Performance in Axial and Non-Axial Flows By a Prescribed Wake Model."

Project Costs

Durstewitz M., Hoppe-Kilpper, M., Kleinkauf W., Stump N., Windheim R. "Technical and Economical Aspects of Wind Energy Applications in Germany." 1995, ISET.

Frandsen, Sten; John Alov Tande; Poul Erik Morthorst; Birger Madsen. "Value of Energy From The Wind." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 142-148.

Frandsen, Sten and Erik Lundtang Petersen. "The Importance of Good Wind Year to Start on When Building A Wind Farm." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 47-49.

Grusell, Gunnar. "A model for Calculating the Economy of Wind Power Plants." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 52-57.

Lindley, David, Dr. "Wind energy - Where are we now ?" In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 1-5.

Milborrow, David. "Energy Costs from European Wind Farms." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 182-185.

Rakkolainen, Jussi; Matti Vilkko; Heli Antila; Pentti Lautala. "Tariff Based Value of Wind Energy." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 72-76.

Rehfeldt, K. "Availability of Consulting Services", DEWI.

Rehfeldt, K. (February 1996). "How Does it Really Look Like? - Dynamic Visualisation of Windfarms." DEWI Magazin (Nr. 8); pp 30-34, , DEWI.

Rehfeldt, K.; Schwenk, B. (February 1996). "Development of the Energy Generating Costs of Wind Turbines." DEWI Magazin (Nr. 8); pp 36-43, , DEWI.

RISO, Windpower in Denmark: Status 1997, Draft Report, January 1998.

WindStats Newsletter - German Production Data (May 1998). "Wind Turbine Production and Operation Data - Germany."

Distributed Benefits

AWEA. (April 1998). "Net Metering Programs Gain National Endorsements." Windletter (25:4); pp 1-3.

Gardner, P. (1996). "Technical and Commercial Aspects of the Connection of Wind Turbines to Electricity Supply Networks in Europe." AWEA Proceedings; pp 225-233.

Grubb, M. "How Much Is Wind Energy Worth? Windirections.

Grubb, M. (March 1991). "Value of Variable Sources on Power Systems." IEE Proceedings-C (138:2); pp 149-165.

Johnson, M. (1994). "Perspectives on Wind Plant Capacity Accreditation." AWEA Proceedings; pp 447-456.

Lenssen, N. (July 1996). "Local Integrated Resource Planning: A New Tool for a Competitive Era." The Electricity Journal; pp 26-36.

Lilienthal, P. (1990). "Capacity Credits for Intermittent Renewable Electric Generating Technologies."

Milligan, M. "Wind Plant Capacity Credit Variations: A Comparison of Results Using Multiyear Actual and Simulated Wind-Speed Data."

Milligan, M.; Artig, R. "Reliability Benefits of Dispersed Wind Resource Development."

NSP. "Petition of Northern States Power Company for Approval of Standard Wind Generation Purchase Agreement for Facilities Less than 2 MW in Size", 1997.

Osborn, D.; Collier, D. (1996). "Utility Grid-Connected Distributed Power Systems." Prepared for the National Solar Energy Conference, ASES Solar 96, April 1996.

Shugar, D. (1990). "Photovoltaics in the Distribution System: The Evaluation of System and Distributed Benefits." Prepared for the Twenty-First IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, May 1990. Kissimmee, Florida.

Wan, Y. (December 1996). Net Metering Programs. NREL/SP-460-21651. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Economic Impacts

American Wind Energy Association, Comments By The American Wind Energy Association For The 1994 Biennial Report On Repowering California's Wind Industry, Washington, DC, May 27, 1993.

Brakken, W. "Harnessing the Wind: The Opportunities and Impediments for Developing Dispersed Wind Generated Electricity in Minnesota, the Dakotas, and Montana."

Brakken, William A., Brakken Executive Associates; "Minnesota's Cooperative And Municipal Electric Utilities: Opportunities For Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy", St. Paul, MN; January 1996.

Brakken, W. "Dispersed Wind Has Both Problems, Promise: Brakken." Wind Energy Weekly; February 1998, pp 5.

Brower, M., M. Tennis, E. Denzler and M. Kaplan, Powering the Midwest: Renewable Electricity for the Economy and the Environment, Union of Concerned Scientists, 1993.

Coles, Lynn R. "Analysis of PV Benefit Case Studies: Results and Methods Used". NREL, May 1995.

Conover, Karen, RLA Consulting, "Impact Of Wind Energy Development On State And Local Economies", Denver, CO, January 1996.

Conover, K., Planning Your First Wind Power Project, A Primer for Utilities, Electric Power Research Institute, TR-104398, December 1994.

Dan Mar and Associates, Economic Impact Analysis of Windpower Development in Southwest Minnesota, Southwest Regional Development Commission, 1996.

Dunlop, John R. "Wind Clusters: Experience the Market Appeal of Wind Energy Systems, REPP, Issue Brief, No:4, November 1996.

Gipe, P., Wind Energy Comes of Age, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1995.

Flavin, C. and Lenssen, N., Powering the Future: Blueprint for a Sustainable Electricity Industry, Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC, 1994.

Flavin, C. and Lenssen, N., Beyond the Petroleum Age: Designing a Solar Economy, Worldwatch Paper No. 100, Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC, 1990.

Kemp, L., L. Schoenrich, and L. Lanphere, Harvesting the Wind: An Assessment of Farmer Interest in Wind Energy for Economic Development, The Minnesota Project and Clear Water Fund, June 1995.

Lange, N., and Grant, W., Landowner's Guide to Wind Energy In the Upper Midwest, Izaak Walton League of America, 1995.

Municipal Utilities and Renewable Energy Resources. (February 1998). Wind on the Wires.

Nathan Associates Inc., Economic Activity Survey of the U.S. Wind Energy Industry, Arlington, VA; 1995.

Nogee, A.; (August 1996). Renewable Energy and Electric Utility Resturcturing in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Risks and Opportunities. Work performed by Union of Concerned Scientists.

North Energy Associates Ltd., Survey of Employment in the U.K. Wind Energy Industry 1993-95, Oxfordshire, U.K.; 1996.

Northwest Area Foundation. (December 1997). Northwest Report.

NREL. "Dollars from Sense: The Economic Benefits of Renewable Energy." September 1997.

NWCC. "The Effect of Wind Energy Development on State and Local Economies." Wind Energy Series, Paper No: 5, January 1997.

Prairie Island Coalition Against Nuclear Storage; Minnesota's Energy Future A Plan For Employment, Economic Development and the Environment" ; Lake Elmo, MN; 1994.

Sanghi, Ajay K., Economic Impacts of Electricity Supply Options, New York State Energy Office, July 1992.

Smiley, S.; (January 1998). Opportunities and Barriers for Developing Wind Energy on Midwestern Farms: Lessons from Minnesota Technical Report. Work performed by Union of Concerned Scientists.

Tennis, M.; Nogee, A.; Jeffferiss, P.; Paulos, B. (August 1995). Renewing Our Neighborhoods: Opportunities for Distributed Renewable Energy Technologies in the Boston Edison Service Area Technical Appendices. Work performed by Union of Concerned Scientists.

White, P. and Gipe, P. (May 1993). "Repowering California Wind Power Plants." Prepared for the California Energy Commission’s 1994 Biennial Report, American Wind Energy Association, Washington, D.C.

Wisconsin Energy Bureau. "The Economic Impacts of Renewable Energy Use in Wisconsin." Wisconsin, WI; April 1994.

Social Impacts

Benner, J.H.B. "Impact of Wind Turbines on Birdlife." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 20-23.

Burton, A. "Landscapes with Wind Farms - A View From Mid-Wales."

Lubbers, F. and L.R. Pheifer. "Final Results of the Research Programme Concerning the Social and Environmental Aspects Related to the Windfarm Project of the Dutch Electricity Generating Board." In In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 10-12.

Milton Keynes Development Corporation. (1989). Social Implications of a Wind Driven Generator Located in a Residential Area. ETSU WN 5097-P1.

Rehfeldt, K. "Availability of Consulting Services", DEWI.

Market Infrastructure

Ancona, D., R. Loose, and J. Cadogan. "The United States Wind Energy Program In A Decade of Change." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 74-77.

Allnoch, Norbert, Dr. "Wind Power In Germany - Market Analysis And Development." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 50-52.

Danish Energy Agency. "Energy Solutions in Denmark." April 1996

EPRI. "European Wind Technology." TR-101391, March 1993.

Frandsen, Sten; John Alov Tande; Poul Erik Morthorst; Birger Madsen. "Value of Energy From The Wind." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 142-148.

Frost & Sullivan; (March 1997). Strategic Market Consulting Report No. 5578-14. North American Distributed Generation System Markets.

Harrison, Lyn. "Sales Boom As New Markets Open Up." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 16.

Harrison, Lyn. "Rate of expansion outstrips predictions." Windpower Monthly, April 1997: 32.

Harrison, Lyn. "Record year at home and abroad." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 32.

Helby, Peter. "The Devils Is In The Details." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 32-33.

Helby, Peter. "Rationality of the Subsidy regime for Wind Power inSweden and Denmark." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 36-44.

Holst, Henning. "Realization of Windpark Projects By Multiple Owned Operating Companies." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 60-66.

Kasteren, Joost van. "Little Consensus on Pricing." Windpower Monthly, October 1994: 39.

Kasteren, Joost van. "Portrait Of A Community Venture." Windpower Monthly, October 1994: 46.

Klein, Hans-Peter and Jurgen Schmid. "News From The European Wind Turbine Database Eurowin." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 53-56.

Klinger, Heinz Max. "The Successful Way to Use Wind Energy in Schleiwig-Holstein, Germany: One Thousand WEC's in 6 Years." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 28-31.

Knight, Sara. "Making megawatt progress." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 25.

Knight, Sara. "Investors Trapped." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 28.

Knight, Sara. "Precedent cases won against utility." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 21.

Knight, Sara. "Preussenelektra piles on the pressure." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 21-22.

Knight, Sara. "Test station opens in Germany." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 33.

Knight, Sara. "Precedent set by pricing office." Windpower Monthly, May 1997: 27.

Knight, Sara. "Biggest inland wind station ever." Windpower Monthly, May 1997: 30.

Knight, Sara. "Preussenelektra facts and figures." Windpower Monthly, May 1997: 30.

Knight, Sara. "Soft Loans Going Cheap." Windpower Monthly, April 1997: 34.

Knight, Sara. "Moving into Foreign Markets." Windpower Monthly, April 1997: 31.

Knight, Sara. "Opposed to Green Pricing." Windpower Monthly, April 1997: 31-32.

Knight, Sara. "Limits Proposed for Utility Purchases." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 29-30.

Knight, Sara. "Experts warn against cut in rates." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 30-31.

Knight, Sara. "Big industry splits on wind issue." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 31.

Knight, Sara. "Big Utility and Leading Wind Firm Team Up." Windpower Monthly, October 1996: 27.

Knight, Sara. "Confused utility views on renewables." Windpower Monthly, October 1996: 28.

Knight, Sara. "Close To A Thousand." Windpower Monthly, October 1995: 23-24.

Knight, Sara. "Signs of Boom Waning." Windpower Monthly, October 1995: 24.

Knight, Sara. "Portrait Of A Booming Market." Windpower Monthly, March 1993: 26-31.

Koch, M. "Financial Assistance for Investments in Wind Power in Germany - Business Incentives Provided by the Deutsche Ausgleichbank." Deutsche Ausgleichbank, Germany. EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 32-35.

Lindley, David, Dr. "Financing the U.K.'s Renewable Energy Boom." National Wind Power Ltd., U.K. EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 58-71.

Lindley, David, Dr. "Wind energy - Where are we now ?" In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 1-5.

Madesn, Birgen. "Status Report on the Wind Industry: World Market Update." Wind Power Notes, No:13, May 1997.

Massy, Janice. "Contracts Spread Across Many Players." Windpower Monthly, April 1997:39-41.

Massy, Janice. "Record Low Prices for British Contracts." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 20-22.

Massy, Janice. "The Story of a British Wind Project." Windpower Monthly, February 1997: 38-40.

Massy, Janice. "Bank Creating Fund For Small Investors." Windpower Monthly, October 1994: 45-46.

Millborrow, David. "Price and Credibility on the Bottom Line." Windpower Monthly, April 1997: 34-38.

Milborrow, David. "Price picture not crystal clear." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 21.

Moller, Torgny. "Short Bankruptcy." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 18.

Municipal Utilities and Renewable Energy Resources. (February 1998). Wind on the Wires.

Nielsen, Paul. "Development of Wind Energy in Denmark." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 91-94.

Nielsen, Paul. "Wind Energy Activities in Denmark." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Madrid, Spain 10-14 September 1990, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1990, 15-20.

Nielsen, Paul. "Wind Enery Activities in Denmark." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference), 1989, by the European Wind Energy Association, 33-41.

Northern States Power Company. "Filing for Approval of Standard Wind Generation Purchase Agreement for Facilities less than 2 MW." Minnesota Public Utilities Commission, 1997.

DEWI. "Politische Zielvorstellung der Windenergienutzung in Deautschland."

Rakkolainen J., M. Vilkko, H. Antila and P. Lautala. "Tariff Based Value of Wind Energy." Tampere Univ. of Technology, Finland. 72

REPP. "Cooperative Wind: How Coops and Advocates Expanded Wind Power in Minnesota." Research Report No: 3 by Michael Tennis, Paul Jefferis and Steve Clemmer. May 1998.

Review of Progress in the Implementation of Wind Energy by the Member Countries of the IEA during 1996. Oxfordshire: ETSU, 1997. Report Reference 18677001/R/03.

Review of Progress in the Implementation of Wind Energy by the Member Countries of the IEA during 1995. Oxfordshire: ETSU, 1996. Report Reference 18677001/R/02.

Review of Progress in the Implementation of Wind Energy by the Member Countries of the IEA during 1994. Oxfordshire: ETSU, 1995. Report Reference 18677001/R/02.

RISO, Windpower in Denmark: Status 1997, Draft Report, January 1998.

Scherweit, M. and S. Glocker. "Allocation of areas for wind farms in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 35-37.

Simons, M. (The Gazette, Montreal, Sunday, February 8, 1998). "New age of wind power."

Taylor, Melissa R. "Raising Finance: A Challenge For Wind Farm Developers." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom:

European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 40-42.

Utility Wind Interest Group. "The European Wind Experience." November 1995.

Weller, Thyge."A Market In High Speed Transformation." Windpower Monthly, October 1997: 36-39.

Wiser, R. (1997). "Renewable Energy Finance and Project Ownership." Energy Policy (25:1); pp 15-27.

Zuylen van E.J., Wijk van A.J.M. and C. Mitchell. "Comparison of the Financing Arrangements and Tariff Structures."

Policy Issues

Berman, Daniel and Jon O'Connor. 1996. Who Owns the Sun ? People, Politics, and the Struggle for a Solar Economy. ISBN 0-930031-86-5. Chelsea Green Publishing Co.

Beurskens, H.J.M. and D. Lalas. "Review of European Wind Energy Programs." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 82-86.

Brauer, Wolfgang and Jens Hemmelskamp. "Success Story of Wind Energy in Germany." Paper presented at the ECO-Summit 1996, Copenhagen, August 19-23, 1996.

Caratti, G., R.A.W. Shock, and W. Palz. "The European Community Wind Energy R&D Programme." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference), 1989, by the European Wind Energy Association, 6-11.

Danish Energy Agency. "Energy 21: Preconditions and results." March 1998.

Danish Ministry of Energy and Environment. "Energy 21: The Danish Government's Action Plan for Energy 1996." June 1996.

Davidson, Ross. "Competition and The Green Challenge." Windpower Monthly, June 1997: 30-35.

Eisenbeiss, G., A. Pfluger, and R.Windheim. "Government Support For The Development of Wind Energy Utilization In the Federal Republic of Germany." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference), 1989, by the European Wind Energy Association, 22-25.

Ferrero, G.L. and K. Diamantaras. "The European Community's Demonstration Programme For Wind Energy." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Madrid, Spain 10-14 September 1990, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1990, 10-14.

Flavin, Christopher and Nicholas Lenssen. 1994. Power Surge. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Flavin, Christopher. "Wind In A Global Perspective." Windpower Monthly, January 1995: 6-7.

Flavin, Christopher. "Integrating Wind and Solar Power into the Energy Systems of the 21st Century." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 173-181.

Garrad, Andrew. "Choosing The Right Design Route." Windpower Monthly, January 1995: 9-10.

Gipe, Paul. 1994. Wind Energy Comes of Age. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Gipe, Paul. "Two New Books Expose The Power Villains." Windpower Monthly, June 1997: 48.

Grubb, Michael. "Setting The Agenda For The Long Term." Windpower Monthly, October 1997: 41-45.

Gutermuth, Paul-Georg, Dr. "The German Government's New Iniatives For Wind Energy." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Madrid, Spain 10-14 September 1990, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1990, 26-28.

Harrison, Lyn. "Research Funding Looking Good." Windpower Monthly, January 1998: 41-43.

Harrison, Lyn. "Dynamic And Focused In Dublin." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 39-44.

Harrison, Lyn. "Chilling Contrasts On Climate Change." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 44-45.

Harrison, Lyn and Sara Knight. "Huge Cut In European Support." Windpower Monthly, October 1994: 39-41.

Hartnell, Gaynor and David Milborrow. "Nice In Theory But Few Benefits For Wind." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 38.

Hauerstein, G., H. Rade, W. Sandtner, N. Stump, R. Windheim. "Promoting Wind Energy in Germany." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 71-73.

Helby, Peter. "The Devils Is In The Details." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 32-33.

Helby, P. "Rationality of the Subsidy Regime for Wind Power in Sweden and Denmark." Univ. of Lund, Sweden. 36

Hohmeyer, Olav H. "Latest Results of the International Discussion on the Social Costs of Energy - How Does Wind Compare Today ?" In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Madrid, Spain 10-14 September 1990, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1990, 718-724.

Klinger H. "The successful way to use wind energy in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany: One thousand WEC's in six years." Investmentbank Schleiswig-Holstein, Germany. 28

Knight, Sara. "Cash Plentiful For Projects In Developing Countries." Windpower Monthly, January 1998: 39-40.

Knight, Sara. "Making megawatt progress." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 25.

Knight, Sara. "Talks on hold in face of liberalisation." Windpower Monthly, October 1997: 18-20.

Knight, Sara. "Bonn brought to a standstill." Windpower Monthly, October 1997: 19.

Knight, Sara. "Policy Paper Taking Shape." Windpower Monthly, October 1997: 38.

Knight, Sara. "Community wind at work." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 21.

Knight, Sara. "Priority Status For Wind Continues." Windpower Monthly,September 1997: 37.

Knight, Sara. "Export Market A Powerful Magnet." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 37-39.

Knight, Sara. "The German Policy Blueprint." Windpower Monthly, June 1997: 44.

Knight, Sara. "Parliament debates liberalisation." Windpower Monthly, May 1997: 27-28.

Knight, Sara. "Limits Proposed for Utility Purchases." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 29-30.

Knight, Sara. "Experts warn against cut in rates." Windpower Monthly, March 1997: 30-31.

Knight, Sara. "Major renewables spending cuts." Windpower Monthly, February 1997: 29-30.

Knight, Sara. "The fight goes on." Windpower Monthly, February 1997: 30.

Knight, Sara and Lyn Harrison. "Survival Requires a New Approach." Windpower Monthly, February 1997: 30.

Knight, Sara. "Safeguards Added To Liberalisation Plans." Windpower Monthly, December 1996: 35.

Knight, Sara. "Support Shift to Solar As Wind Grows Up." Windpower Monthly, November 1996: 28-31.

Knight, Sara. "Schleiswag utility renews attack." Windpower Monthly, October 1996: 27-28.

Knight, Sara. "Limit On Wind Payments Proposed." Windpower Monthly, September 1996: 24.

Knight, Sara. "Budget cut again." Windpower Monthly, September 1996: 24.

Knight, Sara. "New model for ownership." Windpower Monthly, September 1996: 25.

Knight, Sara. "Brussels Battles On With Internal Market." Windpower Monthly, May 1996: 38-40.

Knight, Sara. "Uneven Distribution Of Funds." Windpower Monthly, October 1994: 4144.

Madsen, Birger. "Fixed Prices And Quotas Both Justified." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 36-38.

Madsen, Birger and Per Krogsgaard. "A Price Worth Paying." Windpower Monthly, January 1995: 7-8.

Markandya, Anil. "The Avoided Costs of Using Wind Energy." EWEA Special Topic Conference: The Economics of Wind Power, September 5-7, 1995, Finland, Finnish Wind Power Association, 1995, 116-131.

Martin, Niall. "Europe Sets Three Per Cent Goal For Wind." Windpower Monthly, January 1998: 21-23.

Martin, Niall. "One Hundred Megawatt Offshore." Windpower Monthly, January 1998: 38-39.

Massy, Janice. "Defending Status Quo." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 34.

Massy, Janice. "British Call For Fixed Price." Windpower Monthly, October 1997: 40.

Massy, Janice. "Regulating For Credit Where Credit Is Due." Windpower Monthly, October 1997: 45-46.

Massy, Janice. "Seeing is believing." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 23.

Massy, Janice. "Optimism Fired By Political Good Will." Windpower Monthly, September 1997: 40-42.

Massy, Janice. "Shaping Clean Power Policy in Europe." Windpower Monthly, June 1997: 42-44.

Massy, Janice. "Association Proposes NFFO with a New Look." Windpower Monthly, June 1997: 46.

Massy, Janice. "An Alternative Approach." Windpower Monthly, July 1995: 29-30.

Massy, Janice. "Harsh Criticism Of Subsidy Policy." Windpower Monthly, October 1994: 44-45.

Meir, R.A. "The NFFO - a Department of Energy View."

Milborrow, David. "More Pressure For Fair European Market." Windpower Monthly, May 1997: 41-42.

Milborrow, David. "Pricing Pollution In A Competitive Market." Windpower Monthly, May 1996: 34-37.

Millborrow, David. "An Unhealthy Preoccupation." Windpower Monthly, September 1995: 24-28.

Milborrow, David. "Entering The Age of Cheap Wind Power." Windpower Monthly, October 1994: 36-38.

Mitchell, Catherine Dr. "Renewable Energy in the U.K.: policies for the future." Report to CPRE, February 1998.

Mitchell, Catherine Dr. "The Value of Renewable Electricity (REVALUE)." Report to European Commission Non-Nuclear Energy Programme Joule 3, Final Draft, April 1998.

Nacfaire, H. and P. Naghten. "Thermie Programme and Energy Policy." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 67-70.

Nacfaire, H.N. and K.Diamantras. " The European Community Demonstration Programme For Wind Energy and Community Energy Policy." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference), 1989, by the European Wind Energy Association, 1-5.

Palz, Wolfgang, Caratti G., Diamantaras, K. and Zervos, A. "The European Community Wind Energy R&D Programme within Joule II." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lubeck, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. 1993, 61-66.

Palz, Wolfgang and Giancarlo Caratti. "The European Community Wind Energy R&D Programme." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Madrid, Spain 10-14 September 1990, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1990, 4-9.

Review of Progress in the Implementation of Wind Energy by the Member Countries of the IEA during 1996. Oxfordshire: ETSU, 1997. Report Reference 18677001/R/03.

Review of Progress in the Implementation of Wind Energy by the Member Countries of the IEA during 1995. Oxfordshire: ETSU, 1996. Report Reference 18677001/R/02.

Review of Progress in the Implementation of Wind Energy by the Member Countries of the IEA during 1994. Oxfordshire: ETSU, 1995. Report Reference 18677001/R/02.

Scheer, Hermann. "It's Time To Get Serious." Windpower Monthly, January 1995: 13-14.

Stevenson, W. G. and B. Pershagen. "The Wind Energy Programme of The International Energy Agency." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 78-81.

Trinick, Marcus, Solicitor and Partner. "A Comparative Analysis of Planning Control and Environmental Assessment for Wind Farm Developments in the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands." In Proceedings of the ECWEC (European Community Wind Energy Conference) Held in Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany 8-12 March 1993, by the European Wind Energy Association. United Kingdom: European Wind Energy Association, 1993, 17-19.

Wagner, Andreas. "Fixed Prices Vital In Real World Markets." Windpower Monthly, November 1997: 33-36.

NREL. "European Export and Subsidy Analysis." Contract No: DE-AC02-83CH10093.

Rader, N.; Wiser, R.; Schwartz, S.; (January 1998) Strategies for Promoting Wind Energy A Review and Analysis of State Policy Options, New Draft Executive Summary for Review by the NWCC.

Smeloff, Ed and Peter Asmus. 1997. Reinventing Electric Utilities: Competition, Citizen Action, and Clean Power. ISBN 1-55963-455-3. Island Press.