TABLE OF CONTENTS
STAKEHOLDER QUESTIONS, INTERESTS AND CONCERNS
Stakeholder Views on Research Questions Regarding Avian - Wind Power Interactions by Abby Arnold and Christopher Behr, Resolve
1. Introduction and Background
2. Interview Process
3. Research Questions
4. Additional Comments
5. Conclusions
Attachment A: Interviewee List
Discussion
Assessing Avian - Wind Power Interactions: Sampling, Study Design and Statistical Issues by Kenneth H. Pollock
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Sampling Avian Populations
3. Traditional Experimental Design
4. Alternative Study Designs for Environmental Impact Assessment
5. Some Possible Avian - Wind Power Interaction Study Designs
6. Recommendations
Acknowledgements
Literature Cited
DiscussionThe Use of Epidemiological Measures to Estimate the Effects of Adverse Factors and Preventive Interventions by Lawrence S. Mayer
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Measuring the Frequency of Disease, Injury or Death
3. Applying these Measures to Avian Mortality
4. Testing the Effect of External Factors on Avian Mortality
5. Attributable Risks and Prevented Fractions
6. Estimating Mortality From Data
7. Comments and Discussion
Literature Cited
DiscussionPopulation Models: Their Use and Misuse by Kenneth Wilson
1. What Is A Model?
2. Use of Models
3. General Approach
4. Model Selection
5. Model Validation
6. Sensitivity Analysis
7. Conclusions
Literature Cited
DiscussionA Model to Estimate the Annual Rate of Golden Eagle Population Change at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, by Tanya M. Shenk, Alan B. Franklin and Kenneth R. Wilson
1. Introduction
2. Model Structure
3. Model Assumptions
4. Estimates of Model Parameters
5. Conclusions
Literature Cited
Discussion
Use of Radar for Wind Power-Related Avian Research by Brian A. Cooper
Radar and Bird Studies
Components of a Mobile Marine Radar Laboratory
Limitations of a Marine Radar System
Standards for Equipment, Settings, and Methods
Applications of Radar for Wind Power-Related Avian Research
Future Needs
Acknowledgements
Literature Cited
DiscussionAvian Risk Assessment Methodology by Richard L. Anderson, Judith Tom, Natasha Neumann, Jennifer Noone and David Maul
Overview of Project
Methodology Development
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
DiscussionSuggested Practices for Monitoring Bird Populations, Movements and Mortality in Wind Resource Areas, by Sidney A. Gauthreaux, Jr.
Introduction
Population Assessment Studies
Monitoring Low-altitude Bird Movements
Dead Bird Searches
Acknowledgements
Literature Cited
Discussion
Appendix: Codes and Explanations for Data Sheets
Protocols for Evaluation of Existing Wind Developments and Determination of Bird Mortality, by Michael L. Morrison and Holly Davis
Introduction
Project Protocol I: Evaluation of Existing Wind Developments
Project Protocol II: Determination of Bird Mortality
Discussion
Appendix: Data Forms and Variables
Regulators' Primary Questions
Data Requirements
Standardization and Protocols
Pre-Construction Issues
Operational Issues
Recommendations3. Modeling, Forecasting and Population Dynamics
Introduction
Questions that Modeling Could Address
Literature-Based vs. Data-Intensive Models
Recommendations4. Avian Behavior and Mortality Reduction
Introduction
Framework for Understanding Avian Collisions
Migratory Bird Utilization of Zone of Risk
Potential Adaptation of Resident Species to Turbines
Effect of Different Mitigation Technologies on Behavior and Mortality
Identifying Applicable New Technologies
Modeling Behavior and Mortality Using Surrogate Variables
Recommendations
Literature Cited
MEETING SUMMARY AND NEXT STEPS TO BE TAKEN
Overview
Major Recommendations from the Meeting1. Framework/Conceptual Model
2. Metrics
3. Data Collection Guidelines/Protocols
4. Statistical Analysis Techniques
5. Updating the Framework and Protocols
APPENDICES
1. Meeting Participants
2. Meeting Agenda
3. Regulators' Key Points
